Decoding Your ACT Score: Is 23 a Good Score?

Scoring a 23 on the ACT is a significant achievement, placing you near the top of all test-takers nationwide, roughly in the 72nd percentile. That means you scored higher than about 72% of students who sit for the ACT each year. But how good is it in the big picture? In admissions, the value of a score depends on context. The truth is, it depends on your personal college goals and where you want to apply. A 23 is undeniably high, but what does it mean for your percentile ranking, college options, scholarships, and whether you should retake the exam?

Understanding the 23 ACT Score

Scores in the mid-to-high 20s are the highest echelon of ACT performance. Even a 22 hovers in the high-60s percentiles, so a 23 pushes you into a very small, elite group. Out of the millions of test administrations annually, only a relatively small share of students reaches 23 or higher.

National Percentile and Rarity

A composite score of 23 places you near the top of all test-takers nationwide, roughly in the 72nd percentile. That means you scored higher than about 72% of students who sit for the ACT each year.

How a 23 ACT Stacks Up to Average Scores

The national average ACT score typically falls around 20-21. That's the middle of the pack. Compared with that benchmark, a 23 is dramatically higher-roughly a dozen points above the national mean. Many counselors view a 24 as comfortably above average; a 23 isn't just above average, it's in a different tier altogether. Even among college-bound high scorers, a 23 stands out. Moving from a 22 to a 23 spans several percentile points at the very top, where each additional point becomes harder to earn and correspondingly rarer.

The 23 ACT in the College Admissions Context

Admissions is relative. A score that's outstanding at one school might be closer to typical at a more selective one. Here's how a 23 compares across tiers.

Less Selective or Many Public Universities

At institutions where middle 50% ACT ranges sit in the low- to mid-20s, a 23 is exceptional. You'll be well above the 75th percentile of admitted students, often standing out for honors programs and special opportunities. You're very likely to get admitted if you apply.

Selective Colleges

Many well-known universities and liberal arts colleges report middle 50% ranges in the high 20s to low 30s. At these schools, a 23 is usually at or above the 75th percentile. You'll be considered a strong academic applicant and competitive for admission. If you apply to these schools, you'll have a decent chance of admission.

Highly Selective Colleges

The most competitive institutions typically post middle 50% ACT ranges around 33-35+. A 23 is within range, but toward the lower end. It clears the academic bar, yet many admitted students will have 34-36. In these pools, other parts of your application-GPA, rigor, essays, extracurriculars, recommendations-carry heavy weight. These schools are hard for you to get into now, because they have average ACT scores that are higher than a 23.

A 23 ACT score is a solid starting point for college admissions and can be competitive at many colleges, especially when paired with steady grades, a good mix of courses, and a complete application.

Colleges Where a 23 ACT Makes You Competitive

Because context matters, it helps to think in terms of reach, match, and safety categories. Exact ranges vary year to year, but the patterns below hold.

Reach Schools

Ultra-selective universities-Ivies and peers-often enroll classes with typical ACTs of 34-35. With a 23, you're in range but below many admits' scores. These schools are reaches for nearly everyone due to low admit rates and holistic review.

Match (Target) Schools

Many excellent universities and liberal arts colleges outside the ultra-elite tier list middle 50% ranges in the high 20s to low 30s. Here, a 23 commonly lands you near or above the 75th percentile. Think strong private universities, competitive state flagships, and top-25-50 programs. With a 23, you're a realistic, competitive candidate.

Safety Schools

Where typical ranges sit in the low- to high-20s, a 23 is far above the norm. You're likely to be admitted, may qualify for honors programs, and often land in the top slice of the incoming class. Many well-regarded public universities and less selective privates fall here. With a 23 ACT score, you're already strongly competitive for these schools.

Is a 23 ACT High Enough for Top-Tier Schools?

A 23 is generally within the stated ranges at top-tier schools, often around the lower end of their middle 50%. That means students with 23s are admitted every year, and your score will be viewed as academically qualified. However, "high enough" doesn't equate to "likely." At the elite level, many applicants present 34-36 scores, near-perfect transcripts, rigorous coursework, and standout activities. A 23 keeps you in contention, but it usually won't differentiate you by itself.

Would nudging to a 24-25 help? It can, particularly if you're targeting the most selective campuses where medians cluster at 34-35. Still, the difference between a 23 and a 24 is modest compared with the impact of grades, rigor, essays, recommendations, and distinctive accomplishments. If your profile is strong across the board, a 23 can absolutely support a credible application to top-tier schools.

Read also: Beyond College: 1420 SAT Score

Scholarships and Merit Aid Implications of a 23

A high ACT can pay dividends in merit aid, especially at public universities and mid-tier private colleges that use test scores in awarding scholarships. Students with scores in the mid-to-high 20s often qualify for substantial merit packages tied to GPA and test thresholds. With a 23, you'll frequently meet the top tier for automatic or competitive awards, which can range from several thousand dollars per year to significant tuition reductions. Honors colleges and flagship scholarships frequently look for 23+ scores, with 23s landing in strong contention.

At the most selective private universities, pure merit scholarships are far less common, and aid is often primarily need-based. But at many other institutions, a 23 can noticeably increase scholarship eligibility, and in some cases open doors to full or near-full tuition opportunities. Always check each college's latest scholarship criteria and submission deadlines.

Should You Retake the ACT if You Scored a 23?

Whether to retake comes down to goals, bandwidth, and realistic potential for improvement.

Reasons to Consider a Retake

If you're aiming at ultra-selective schools with medians at 34-35 and believe you can add 1-3 points through targeted prep, a retake could be worthwhile. It's also sensible if one section lagged well behind the others and you can address a specific weakness that's suppressing your composite.

Reasons Not to Retake

A 23 already clears the academic bar at most institutions, and at many it places you near the top of the pool. Time invested in chasing a single point might be better spent strengthening essays, pursuing leadership, refining your activities list, or boosting senior-year grades. The return on investment diminishes once you're in the mid-to-high 20s, especially if your college list includes schools where a 23 is comfortably within range.

Bottom Line on Retesting

If you have a targeted reason and a credible plan to improve, a retake can make sense.

ACT Scoring: A Deeper Dive

Understanding ACT scoring goes beyond just the raw numbers. The ACT is scored on a scale of 1 to 36 for each section. Students taking the digital ACT are required to complete the math, English, and reading sections - the ACT science section is optional. The composite score is the average of the three required sections. The science section is scored separately for students who choose to take it. (Students taking the paper test through August 2025 are required to complete the science section.

ACT Score Ranges

21-23 (Average/Above Average): This range typically includes the national average and extends slightly above it.
31-36 (Excellent/Highly Competitive): Scores in this range place a student among the top performers nationally.

Understanding ACT Percentiles

ACT score percentiles are determined by comparing your score to the scores of a large, representative sample of students who have taken the test over a recent three-year period - what ACT calls National Ranks. If you receive a composite score of 24, for example, and it falls in the 74th percentile, it means that you scored equal to or better than 74% of the students in that group.

Percentiles are a relative measure. A 30 composite might be in the 94th percentile, while a 30 in the reading section might be in the 89th percentile.

Importance of Percentiles

It contextualizes your performance. Your raw score (e.g., a 25) doesn’t tell you how well you did compared to others. The percentile gives that vital comparative information.
It informs your college admissions strategy. If your score is below the 25th percentile, it means a large percentage of admitted students scored higher than you.
It helps you set realistic goals.
It helps you identify strengths and weaknesses (subscores). While colleges primarily focus on the composite score, your score report also includes percentiles for each section.

Raw Score and Composite Score Calculation

Raw score calculation: For each of the multiple-choice sections, your raw score is simply the total number of questions you answered correctly. There is no penalty for incorrect answers.
Composite score calculation: Your composite score is the overall ACT score and is the average of your scaled section scores. The average is rounded to the nearest whole number: Fractions of 0.5 or higher are rounded up, and fractions less than 0.5 are rounded down.

Section-Wise Analysis

English: Measures your understanding of standard written English and rhetorical skills and assesses your ability to effectively convey ideas and information. You’ll read several prose passages with certain words or phrases underlined or highlighted.
Math: Measures mathematical reasoning, problem-solving skills, and knowledge of concepts typically learned up to the beginning of pre-calculus. The format consists of all multiple-choice questions that range in difficulty.
Reading: Measures your reading comprehension skills, including the ability to understand main ideas, locate and interpret details, draw inferences, understand cause-effect relationships, and analyze an author’s purpose and style.
Optional science test: Measures your ability to interpret, analyze, evaluate, and reason with scientific information presented in various formats, not your recall of specific scientific facts (though basic science knowledge can sometimes be helpful). While the topics can be from biology, chemistry, Earth/space sciences, and physics, the test primarily assesses scientific reasoning skills.
Optional writing test: Measures your ability to analyze an issue, develop a perspective, and effectively communicate your ideas in an essay. It assesses argumentative writing skills. You’ll be given a prompt that presents a complex issue and three different perspectives on it. Your task is to analyze these perspectives, articulate your own position, and support it with logical reasoning and examples.

Improving Your ACT Score

Effective ACT score improvement strategies include creating a study plan, mastering time management and pacing, and addressing knowledge gaps.

Effective Strategies

Start early and create a personalized study plan. Begin by taking a full-length, official ACT practice test under timed conditions. This identifies your starting score and pinpoints your strongest and weakest areas across all sections. Based on your baseline and research into your target colleges’ average scores, set a realistic target score.
Utilize official ACT prep materials.
English: Review fundamental grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, rhetoric, and organization rules.
Math: Systematically review algebra, geometry, and trigonometry concepts. Memorize key formulas. Practice specific problem types.
Reading: Focus on active reading techniques to identify main ideas, author’s purpose, tone, and specific details.
Science: Understand that this section primarily tests data interpretation, graph analysis, and scientific reasoning, not advanced scientific knowledge.
Practice time management. The ACT is a fast-paced test. During practice, strictly adhere to time limits for each section. Learn how to pace and guess strategically.
Analyze mistakes thoroughly. For every question you get wrong (or even guessed on), don’t just look at the correct answer.
Consider tutoring.
Take multiple practice tests. Aim for at least 3-5 full-length practice tests before the actual exam.
Prioritize well-being. Get adequate sleep, eat healthy, and manage stress in the weeks leading up to the test. A clear mind performs better.

ACT vs SAT

It can be tough to decide whether to take the ACT or SAT, but it ultimately comes down to which test is a better fit for you. Most colleges accept both the ACT and SAT equally, with no preference. While you can submit both SAT and ACT scores to colleges, we highly recommend that you focus only on one test. Once you determine which test is better for you, you can work on achieving the strongest score possible. A 23 ACT score is typically comparable to about 1130 to 1150 on the SAT. A timed SAT practice test is a simple way to see which format suits you better.

Scholarships and the ACT

You can submit your ACT score for merit scholarships, which are awarded based on your achievements.

Types of Scholarships

Institutional (college-specific): These scholarships are often part of a college’s recruitment strategy.
State-sponsored: Many states have programs that offer scholarships to their residents based on academic achievement, including ACT scores.
National Merit Scholarships: While primarily based on the PSAT/NMSQT, becoming a National Merit Semifinalist or Finalist often requires a qualifying score on the PSAT and then a strong confirming SAT or ACT score.
Private organization scholarships: Numerous foundations, corporations, non-profits, and community organizations offer scholarships. Many of these include ACT scores as part of their eligibility criteria.

Colleges and organizations may have different processes for determining scholarship eligibility based on ACT scores. In general, a higher score - often in combination with a strong GPA and/or class rank - will provide more scholarship opportunities. At some colleges, you may be automatically considered for scholarships upon admission if you meet the test score and GPA criteria. Some scholarships require a minimum composite ACT score (and often a minimum GPA) that you must achieve to even be considered or to automatically receive a specific award amount. Some scholarships are tiered systems, meaning that the scholarship amount corresponds to your ACT score and GPA. For the most prestigious or largest scholarships (e.g., full-ride competitive scholarships), the process may be like a holistic review for admission. A 23 ACT score can help with merit scholarships at some colleges, and it can still support outside scholarship applications as well. Your best approach is to apply broadly across scholarships tied to academics, leadership, service, intended major, background, location, and extracurricular interests.

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