Decoding "Alumni": A Guide to Singular and Plural Usage
Navigating the world of academic terminology can sometimes feel like deciphering an ancient language. Among the words that often trip people up are "alumnus," "alumni," "alumna," and "alumnae." These terms, derived from Latin, refer to graduates of a school, college, or university. Understanding their proper usage, particularly the singular forms, is essential for clear and accurate communication.
Singular Forms: Alumnus and Alumna
The key to understanding these terms lies in recognizing their gendered nature and number (singular vs. plural).
Alumnus: This is the singular form used to refer to a male graduate. For example, "John is an alumnus of Stanford University." The word "alumnus" comes from the Latin word for "foster son, pupil," and has been used in English since the early 17th century.
Alumna: This is the singular form used to refer to a female graduate. For example, "Jessica is an alumna of the University of Texas." "Alumna" is also derived from Latin, specifically the feminine form of "alumnus," and has been in use since the mid-19th century.
Plural Forms: Alumni and Alumnae
The plural forms are used when referring to a group of graduates.
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Alumni: This is the plural form of "alumnus" and is often used to refer to a group of male graduates or a mixed group of male and female graduates. For example, "The university welcomed alumni from the class of 2000." In Latin grammar, which had a greater emphasis on gender distinctions than modern English, the masculine form often served as the default.
Alumnae: This is the plural form of "alumna" and specifically refers to a group of female graduates. For instance, one might say, "The alumnae of Smith College gathered for their annual reunion."
A Note on "Alum"
In addition to the traditional Latin terms, a shortened, gender-neutral form, "alum," has emerged. "Alum" can be used as a singular noun to refer to any graduate, male or female. Its plural form is "alums." While initially considered informal, "alum" and "alums" are becoming increasingly accepted in contemporary usage due to their simplicity and inclusivity.
AP Style Guidelines
The Associated Press (AP) Stylebook, a widely recognized guide for journalists and other writers, provides specific guidance on the use of these terms. AP Style emphasizes the importance of using the correct term based on gender and number:
"Alumnus" for one male graduate
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"Alumna" for one female graduate
"Alumni" for a group of male graduates or a mixed-gender group
"Alumnae" for a group of female graduates
Common Usage Errors and How to Avoid Them
One common mistake is using "alumni" to refer to a single graduate or to a group consisting only of female graduates. To avoid these errors, remember the following:
- Use "alumnus" for a single male graduate and "alumna" for a single female graduate.
- Use "alumni" for a group of male graduates or a mixed-gender group.
- Use "alumnae" only for a group of female graduates.
- When in doubt, "alumni" is often a safe choice for groups, even if they are exclusively female.
It is incorrect to write, "Each alumni is invited to attend homecoming" or "He is an alumni of WMU." The correct sentences are: "Each alumnus and alumna is invited to attend homecoming" and "He is an alumnus of WMU."
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It is also important to avoid using the slash form "alumnus/na." Instead, use "alumni" to refer to all graduates or use the full words "alumnus and alumna" to refer to each individually. For example, instead of "Each alumnus/na is invited," write "Each alumnus and alumna is invited."
Examples in Sentences
Here are some examples illustrating the correct usage of these terms:
- Alumnus: "Dr. Smith, an alumnus of Harvard Medical School, has been appointed to the board."
- Alumna: "Sophie grinned. Alumna is the feminine singular form of the noun."
- Alumni: "The university's alumni association is hosting a networking event."
- Alumnae: "The stone seal is indelible, consecrated by the generations of alumnae who have passed by, understanding and believing."
- Alumni (mixed group):John, Jane and Mary are alumni.
- Alumnae (emeritae):Jane and Mary are alumnae. Jane and Mary are emeritae.
- Alumnus (emeritus):John is an alumnus. John is an emeritus.
- Alumna (emerita):Jane is an alumna. Jane is an emerita.
The Evolving Language
Language is constantly evolving, and the usage of these terms is no exception. While the traditional Latin forms remain prevalent, the gender-neutral "alum" is gaining traction. As language evolves, it is essential to stay informed about current usage trends and adapt accordingly.
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