The Emmert Universal Vise: A Legacy of Innovation and Craftsmanship

The Emmert universal vise stands as a testament to ingenuity and precision in both woodworking and metalworking. Its unique design and versatility have made it a sought-after tool for craftsmen for generations. This article delves into the history of the Emmert vise, exploring its various models, features, and the factors that contribute to its enduring appeal.

Origins and Evolution

The Emmert Manufacturing Company of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, produced these vises. The Emmert patternmaker's vise, also known as the Universal Vise, came in two basic sizes, with many variations. The type study described here is limited to the large and handsome No. Patternmakers vise or Universal vise. The smaller yet very capable No.

While Emmert is the name most associated with these vises, it's important to acknowledge that other inventors created similar designs. These designs were widely copied throughout the 20th century after the patents expired. Some notable versions include the Bishop and Yost vises.

Types of Emmert Vises

Emmert vises fall into two main categories:

The Turtleback

This earlier model has a distinctive cover on the front jaw. Type T1 may have a serial number stamped on it. The cover gently sweeps towards the taper adjustment. Cover has two Patent dates (Pat. Apr. 11, '05) and says Emmert's above and USA below (Logo3). Spindle hole is oval shaped.

Variations of the Turtleback include:

Type T1: Features Logo2 (Pat. Aug. 11 91) on the tilt adjustment.
Type T2: Has casting number under the cover or 2 casting number on right side and Emmert Mfg. Co.
Type T3: Has Logo3.5 (Pat. Aug. 11) on the tilt adjustment.
Type T4: The tilt adjustment cover is oval shaped and much larger.

The K1 or "New Improved" Universal Vise

This later model is also referred to as the "New Improved" Universal type. The front Jaw has Emmert Mfg. Co. K1 on the right. Beam has slot on right side. Tilt Adj. K-1 Waynesboro PA USA (Logo7) on the right. Extra reinforcement at base of dogs.

The numbering system used by Emmert remains somewhat enigmatic. While the company considered using dates, the complexities of manufacture proved too difficult. The "K" in "K1" doesn't appear to relate to any numbering system since that would be confused with the "K" in the casting numbers.

Features and Functionality

The Emmert vise's desirability stems from its versatility and ability to hold workpieces at various angles. Its design allows it to grab almost anything and present it at an angle convenient for hand work. This makes it particularly useful for patternmaking, which requires precise work with complex shapes. The vise will rotate 360 degrees and lock in 45 deg. increments, allowing the work piece is held parallel to the top of the bench.

Key features of the Emmert vise include:

Tilt Adjustment: Enables the user to tilt the workpiece for optimal access.
Rotating Jaws: Allows for holding tapered parts.
Versatile Jaws: Some models feature multiple sets of jaws for holding different materials and shapes.

The Allure of the Emmert Vise

Several factors contribute to the Emmert vise's enduring appeal:

Quality: Original Emmert vises were built to last, with robust construction and precise machining.
Versatility: The vise's ability to hold workpieces at various angles makes it invaluable for a wide range of tasks.
Collectibility: Due to their age and relative scarcity, original Emmert vises have become highly sought-after by collectors.

Emmert Machinist Vises

In addition to woodworking vises, Emmert also produced machinist vises. These vises, such as the 4A and 6A models, are considered rarer than their woodworking counterparts. They were sold at the same time as the Emmert patern makers vises and were priced a bit higher than the wood working vises.

The Emmert machinist vises feature:

Two sizes: 4A (larger) and 6A (smaller).
Swivel jaws: For gripping tapered work.
High weight: The 4A model weighs approximately 100 pounds.

The Clone Controversy

The popularity of Emmert vises has led to the production of numerous clones, particularly from Asian manufacturers. While some users have found these clones to be acceptable after some modifications, others have been disappointed with their quality.

Some users have reported issues with:

Rough castings
Poor action
Inaccurate dimensions

However, some woodworkers have successfully improved the performance of clones by:

Smoothing adjusting surfaces with a file
Adding a thrust bearing washer to the T-handle

While clones may offer a more affordable option, it's essential to be aware of their potential limitations.

Identifying Original Emmert Vises

Several features can help identify original Emmert vises:

Logos and Markings: Look for the Emmert Mfg. Co. name and patent dates on the vise.
Casting Quality: Original Emmert vises typically have smoother castings than clones.
Construction Details: Examine the vise for features such as the high-low ribbed collar and extra reinforcement at the base of the dogs.

The Value of an Emmert Vise

The price of an Emmert vise can vary widely depending on several factors:

Model: K1 vises are generally more valuable than Turtleback models.
Condition: Vises in excellent condition command higher prices.
Completeness: Vises with all original parts are more valuable.
Originality: Vises that have not been modified or repaired are more desirable.
Rarity: Machinist vises are generally rarer and more expensive than woodworking vises.

Typically, expect that a $700+ vise is a complete and original K1 (without the original handle, which is easily replaced). A completely original and early turtleback with its original vise handle might also sell in this range.

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